Future with Will and Going To | Anglais Seconde - Cours Complet avec Exercices Corrigés
Informations sur le cours
Chapitre: Tenses and Aspect
Sous-chapitre: Future Forms and Conditional
Section: Formation of future with will and going to
Introduction au futur avec will et going to
Qu'est-ce que le futur en anglais ?
Le futur en anglais exprime une action qui se produira dans le futur. Il existe plusieurs façons d'exprimer le futur, mais les deux principales sont :
- Will : pour les décisions spontanées, les prédictions, les promesses, les offres
- Going to : pour les intentions prévues, les plans, les prédictions basées sur des preuves
Exemples :
Will: I will help you. (offre spontanée)
Going to: I am going to study tonight. (intention prévue)
Will: It will rain tomorrow. (prédiction)
Going to: Look at those clouds! It is going to rain. (prédiction basée sur une preuve)
Formation de "will"
Structure de will
- I will go
- You will come
- He/She/It will finish
- We will travel
- They will study
- I will not (won't) go
- You will not (won't) come
- He/She/It will not (won't) finish
- We will not (won't) travel
- They will not (won't) study
- Will I go?
- Will you come?
- Will he finish?
- Will we travel?
- Will they study?
Oh, you're cold! I will get you a blanket.
Look! There's a cat in the tree. I will help it.
I will always love you. (promesse)
Don't worry, I will fix the computer. (offre)
It will snow tomorrow. (prédiction)
She will pass the exam. (prédiction)
Formation de "going to"
Structure de going to
- I am going to go
- You are going to come
- He/She/It is going to finish
- We are going to travel
- They are going to study
- I am not going to go
- You are not going to come
- He/She/It is not going to finish
- We are not going to travel
- They are not going to study
- Am I going to go?
- Are you going to come?
- Is he going to finish?
- Are we going to travel?
- Are they going to study?
I am going to visit my grandparents next weekend. (plan prévu)
We are going to move to a new apartment in July. (plan prévu)
She is going to become a doctor. (intention)
They are going to start a new business. (intention)
Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain. (prédiction basée sur une preuve)
You are going to be late if you don't hurry up. (prédiction basée sur une situation actuelle)
Comparaison Will vs Going To
Différences clés
| Aspect | Will | Going to |
|---|---|---|
| Usage | Décision spontanée, promesse, offre, prédiction | Plan prévu, intention, prédiction basée sur preuve |
| Structure | Subject + will + base verb | Subject + am/is/are + going to + base verb |
| Exemple de décision | "I'll help you!" (décision instantanée) | "I'm going to help you." (intention prévue) |
| Exemple de prédiction | "It will rain tomorrow." (sans preuve) | "It's going to rain." (nuages noirs) |
| Timing | Décision prise au moment de parler | Décision prise avant de parler |
Will :
Oh no! I forgot my umbrella. I'll buy one later. (décision spontanée)
Going to :
I have already bought an umbrella. I'm going to use it if it rains. (plan préparé)
Exercice 1 - Choix du bon temps
Complète avec will ou going to
- I _____ (help) you with your homework. (offre spontanée)
- She _____ (visit) her relatives next month. (plan prévu)
- Look at that car! It _____ (crash). (prédiction basée sur observation)
- Don't worry, I _____ (not forget) to call you. (promesse)
- We _____ (travel) to Spain next summer. (intention)
- Oh no! I _____ (miss) the bus! (décision spontanée)
- He _____ (not come) to the party. (décision spontanée)
- There are no clouds in the sky. It _____ (not rain). (prédiction)
Solution exercice 1
Correction détaillée
- I will (help) you with your homework. (offre spontanée)
- She is going to (visit) her relatives next month. (plan prévu)
- Look at that car! It is going to (crash). (prédiction basée sur observation)
- Don't worry, I will not (not forget) to call you. (promesse)
- We are going to (travel) to Spain next summer. (intention)
- Oh no! I will (miss) the bus! (décision spontanée)
- He will not (not come) to the party. (décision spontanée)
- There are no clouds in the sky. It will not (not rain). (prédiction)
- Exercice 1 : Offre spontanée → will
- Exercice 2 : Plan prévu dans le futur → going to
- Exercice 3 : Prédiction basée sur observation → going to
- Exercice 4 : Promesse → will
- Exercice 5 : Intention prévue → going to
- Exercice 6 : Décision spontanée → will
- Exercice 7 : Décision spontanée → will
- Exercice 8 : Prédiction sans preuve → will
Exercice 2 - Transformation
Change le temps futur
- I will finish my project tomorrow. (→ going to)
- She is going to start a new job next week. (→ will)
- They will travel to Italy this summer. (→ going to)
- We are going to attend the conference. (→ will)
- He will not help with the cooking. (→ going to)
Solution exercice 2
Correction détaillée
- I will finish my project tomorrow. → I am going to finish my project tomorrow.
- She is going to start a new job next week. → She will start a new job next week.
- They will travel to Italy this summer. → They are going to travel to Italy this summer.
- We are going to attend the conference. → We will attend the conference.
- He will not help with the cooking. → He is not going to help with the cooking.
Le changement de forme future modifie l'accent mis sur l'action :
- Will → Going to : Accent sur un plan ou une intention
- Going to → Will : Accent sur une décision spontanée ou une prédiction
- Dans certains contextes, le sens reste similaire mais l'aspect change
Contexte d'utilisation
Situations réelles
Will : "I will send the report by tomorrow." (décision spontanée)
Going to : "I am going to start the presentation at 3 PM." (plan préparé)
Will : "I'll help you with the math problems." (offre spontanée)
Going to : "We are going to discuss this topic tomorrow." (intention prévue)
Will : "I'll call you later." (décision instantanée)
Going to : "I am going to visit my family next weekend." (plan prévu)
Exercice 3 - Texte à trous
Complète le texte
This weekend, I _____ (visit) my friends. I _____ (not stay) at home because I have already planned some activities. Tomorrow morning, I _____ (go) shopping for groceries. In the afternoon, I _____ (prepare) dinner for everyone. When they arrive, I _____ (not be) stressed because I _____ (finish) everything in advance. I _____ (probably cook) Italian food because my friends love it. I _____ (not spend) too much money because I _____ (budget) carefully. We _____ (have) a great time together.
Solution exercice 3
Correction détaillée
This weekend, I am going to visit my friends. I am not going to stay at home because I have already planned some activities. Tomorrow morning, I am going to go shopping for groceries. In the afternoon, I am going to prepare dinner for everyone. When they arrive, I will not be stressed because I will have finished everything in advance. I will probably cook Italian food because my friends love it. I am not going to spend too much money because I am going to budget carefully. We will have a great time together.
- am going to visit : plan préparé (already planned)
- am not going to stay : intention basée sur un plan
- am going to go : activité planifiée
- am going to prepare : intention prévue
- will not be : prédiction basée sur une situation
- will have finished : action achevée avant un événement
- will probably cook : décision probable
- am not going to spend : plan financier
- am going to budget : intention prévue
- will have : prédiction positive
Verbes irréguliers avec le futur
Formes du participe passé
Exemples avec will :
I will have seen that movie by Friday.
She will have taken the exam next week.
They will have driven 300 miles by evening.
Exemples avec going to :
I am going to have eaten by 7 PM.
We are going to have completed the project by then.
Erreurs fréquentes
Pièges à éviter
Erreur : I am going to help you! (décision spontanée)
Correct : I will help you! (décision spontanée)
Utilise will pour les décisions prises au moment de parler.
Erreur : I will have goed to the store.
Correct : I will have gone to the store.
Utilise la forme correcte du participe passé (V3) pour les verbes irréguliers.
Erreur : I went to see the doctor tomorrow.
Correct : I will go to see the doctor tomorrow.
Le past simple ne s'utilise pas pour exprimer le futur.
Erreur : I going to visit my friends next week.
Correct : I am going to visit my friends next week.
N'oublie pas l'auxiliaire être (am/is/are) avec going to.
Les erreurs fréquentes viennent souvent d'une mauvaise compréhension du contexte. Will exprime une décision spontanée ou une prédiction sans preuve, tandis que going to exprime une intention prévue ou une prédiction basée sur une preuve observable. Les erreurs de forme viennent de la confusion des temps verbaux ou des formes irrégulières.
Résumé
Points clés à retenir
Going to : Subject + am/is/are + going to + base verb
- Pour les décisions spontanées
- Pour les promesses et les offres
- Pour les prédictions sans preuve
- Avec des indicateurs : probably, maybe, I think, I believe
- Pour les intentions prévues
- Pour les plans déjà décidés
- Pour les prédictions basées sur des preuves
- Avec des indicateurs : already, planned, intention
- Will : avec toutes les personnes
- Going to : utilise am/is/are selon le sujet
- Les contractions : I'll, you'll, he'll, she'll, it'll, we'll, they'll
Conclusion
Félicitations !
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