Structure de l'Infinitif
Définition
L'infinitif en anglais se forme avec "TO" suivi de la forme de base du verbe (base form)
Exemple : to go, to eat, to study, to sleep
Exemple : to go, to eat, to study, to sleep
FORME : to + base form
Exemples : to read, to write, to play
Règle Essentielle
🔹 L'infinitif ne change jamais selon la personne ou le temps
🔸 La forme est toujours "to + base form" sauf après certains verbes
🔸 La forme est toujours "to + base form" sauf après certains verbes
Exemples Basiques :
✓ I want to learn English
✓ She needs to study hard
✓ They decided to travel
✓ She needs to study hard
✓ They decided to travel
Forme Sans "to" (Bare Infinitive) :
✓ I can speak French (after modal verbs)
✓ Let me help you (after "let", "make", "help")
✓ Let me help you (after "let", "make", "help")
Utilisations de l'Infinitif
But / Objectif
I study hard to pass my exams
She went to the store to buy groceries
She went to the store to buy groceries
Après Certains Verbes
want, need, decide, hope, plan, agree, refuse, promise
Exemple : I decided to go home early
Exemple : I decided to go home early
Après Adjectifs
happy, sad, afraid, ready, eager, willing
Exemple : I'm happy to see you
Exemple : I'm happy to see you
Question Words + Infinitif
I don't know where to go
She asked how to solve the problem
She asked how to solve the problem
But / Purpose (to + verb)
Après certains verbes
Avec des adjectifs
Avec des mots interrogatifs
Exercices Pratiques
Exercice 1 - Compléter les phrases
1. I want _______ (go) to the cinema tonight.
2. She needs _______ (study) harder for the exam.
3. They decided _______ (travel) to Italy next summer.
4. My goal is _______ (learn) three languages fluently.
2. She needs _______ (study) harder for the exam.
3. They decided _______ (travel) to Italy next summer.
4. My goal is _______ (learn) three languages fluently.
Exercice 2 - Trouver l'utilisation
Identifiez l'utilisation de l'infinitif dans ces phrases :
1. "I came here to study" → But / Objectif
2. "I hope to succeed" → Après verbe
3. "It's important to practice" → Sujet / Complément
1. "I came here to study" → But / Objectif
2. "I hope to succeed" → Après verbe
3. "It's important to practice" → Sujet / Complément
Exercice 3 - Transformation
Transformez en utilisant l'infinitif :
1. "I have the intention to work" → I intend to work
2. "She has a desire to travel" → She wants to travel
1. "I have the intention to work" → I intend to work
2. "She has a desire to travel" → She wants to travel
Conseils & Astuces
Mémorisez les verbes qui précèdent l'infinitif
Reconnaissez les structures "but / purpose"
Pratiquez les questions avec "wh-words + to + verb"
Faites des phrases quotidiennes avec l'infinitif
Différenciez "to" préposition de "to" infinitif
Erreurs Fréquentes
Erreur 1 :
Omettre "to" après certains verbes (I want go → I want to go)
Erreur 2 :
Confondre "to" préposition avec "to" infinitif
Erreur 3 :
Utiliser le mauvais cas de l'infinitif (bare infinitive vs to-infinitive)
