Définition de l'Agent
Agent = Celui qui fait l'action
Introduction avec "by" en voix passive
Avec agent:
• The book was written by Shakespeare
• The house was built by my father
• The cake was baked by my mother
• The house was built by my father
• The cake was baked by my mother
Sans agent:
• The book was written in 1600
• The house was built last year
• The cake was baked yesterday
• The house was built last year
• The cake was baked yesterday
Quand inclure l'agent?
L'agent est important
L'agent est connu
Pour préciser l'auteur
Pour éviter l'ambiguïté
Exemples avec agent important:
• The Mona Lisa was painted by Da Vinci
• The theory was developed by Einstein
• The discovery was made by scientists
• The theory was developed by Einstein
• The discovery was made by scientists
Exemples sans agent:
• The windows were cleaned
• The exam was corrected
• The road was repaired
• The exam was corrected
• The road was repaired
Règles & Formules
Structure avec agent:
Subject + be + past participle + by + agent
• The letter was delivered by Tom
• The house is cleaned by the maid
• The letter was delivered by Tom
• The house is cleaned by the maid
Utilisez "by" avant l'agent
L'agent n'est pas obligatoire
Souvent omis si inconnu ou évident
Plus formel avec agent
L'agent peut être une chose ou une personne
Agents communs
Personnes:
• by the teacher
• by the police
• by the doctor
• by the police
• by the doctor
Organisations:
• by the government
• by the company
• by the school
• by the company
• by the school
Différents Types d'agents
Agents personnels:
• The painting was created by Picasso
• The law was passed by the parliament
• The recipe was invented by Julia Child
• The law was passed by the parliament
• The recipe was invented by Julia Child
Agents impersonnels:
• The road was damaged by the storm
• The building was destroyed by fire
• The problem was solved by technology
• The building was destroyed by fire
• The problem was solved by technology
Agents collectifs:
• The monument was built by workers
• The decision was made by committee
• The research was conducted by scientists
• The decision was made by committee
• The research was conducted by scientists
Méthodes & Astuces
Demandez-vous: "Par qui?"
Identifiez si l'agent est pertinent
Utilisez "by" avant l'agent
L'agent peut être un pronom
L'agent est souvent omis en anglais
Quand omettre l'agent?
Agent inconnu:
• The window was broken (par qui?)
• The exam was corrected (par qui?)
• The exam was corrected (par qui?)
Agent évident:
• The floor is cleaned every day
• The mail is delivered twice daily
• The mail is delivered twice daily
Agent non important:
• The food was prepared
• The room was decorated
• The room was decorated
Erreurs Fréquentes
Oublier "by" devant l'agent
Toujours inclure l'agent
Confondre agent et objet
Utiliser "with" au lieu de "by"
Exemples corrects vs incorrects
Correct:
• The book was written by Dickens
• The cake was baked by my sister
• The project was completed by them
• The cake was baked by my sister
• The project was completed by them
Incorrect:
❌ The book was written Dickens
❌ The cake was baked with my sister
❌ The project was completed them
❌ The cake was baked with my sister
❌ The project was completed them
