Clauses de Cause et de But en Anglais | Cours Complet pour Seconde

Elles expliquent la raison ou la cause d'une action.

Exemple : I stayed home because I was sick.

Elles indiquent l'intention ou le but d'une action.

Exemple : She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.

Utilisé pour exprimer une cause directe et explicite.

Exemple : He didn't come because he was ill.

Règle : Mettez la clause de cause après la principale.

Utilisé pour des causes évidentes ou connues.

Exemple : Since it was raining, we stayed inside.

Règle : Souvent placé au début de la phrase.

Utilisé pour des causes évidentes ou déjà connues.

Exemple : As I was tired, I went to bed early.

Règle : Moins formel que since.

Utilisé pour ajouter une explication (plus formel).

Exemple : He must be asleep, for he did not answer the phone.

Règle : Toujours placé après la principale.

Utilisé pour exprimer un but explicite.

Exemple : She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.

Règle : Souvent suivi de could, would, can, may.

Plus formel que so that.

Exemple : He worked extra hours in order that he might save money.

Règle : Peut être réduit à "in order to" + infinitif.

Forme réduite pour exprimer le but.

Exemple : She studied hard to pass the exam.

Règle : Plus courant dans le langage parlé.

Similaire à "to" mais plus formel.

Exemple : He spoke quietly so as not to wake the baby.

Règle : Utilisé avec "not" pour exprimer une intention négative.

Expliquent pourquoi quelque chose arrive.

Montrent la raison derrière une action.

Exemple : He left early because he felt tired.

Expliquent l'intention derrière une action.

Montrent ce que l'on veut accomplir.

Exemple : He left early so that he could rest.

Forme prépositionnelle pour exprimer la cause.

Exemple : The flight was delayed due to bad weather.

Attention : Ne pas confondre avec "because of" (verbe + participe).

Similaire à "due to", plus formel.

Exemple : Owing to his efforts, the project succeeded.

Exprime une cause positive.

Exemple : Thanks to her help, I passed the exam.

Exprime une nouvelle situation qui justifie une action.

Exemple : Now that you're here, we can start the meeting.

Exprime une précaution pour un éventuel besoin futur.

Exemple : Take an umbrella in case it rains.

Très formel, exprime la crainte d'un événement.

Exemple : He spoke softly lest he should wake the baby.

Exprime un objectif à long terme.

Exemple : She took French lessons with a view to working in Paris.

Exprime un degré qui conduit à un résultat.

Exemple : He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

Erreur: He left early so that he felt tired.

Correct: He left early because he felt tired.

Erreur: He left early for he was tired.

Correct: He left early because he was tired.

Erreur: She studied so that she pass the exam.

Correct: She studied so that she could pass the exam.

Les clauses de cause peuvent souvent être placées au début ou à la fin.

Les clauses de but sont souvent placées après la principale.

1. She brought an umbrella because it was raining.

2. He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.

3. Since the weather was nice, we decided to go for a walk.

4. She practiced daily in order to improve her skills.

5. He left early as he had another appointment.

1. Clause de cause (explique pourquoi elle a apporté l'ombrelle)

2. Clause de but (exprime l'intention de réussir l'examen)

3. Clause de cause (explique pourquoi ils ont décidé de marcher)

4. Clause de but (exprime l'objectif d'améliorer ses compétences)

5. Clause de cause (explique pourquoi il est parti tôt)

1. He worked hard because he wanted to succeed. (transformez en clause de but)

2. She brought a gift so that she could make friends. (transformez en clause de cause)

3. Since the roads were icy, the cars moved slowly. (transformez en clause de but)

4. They practiced every day in order to win the competition. (transformez en clause de cause)

1. He worked hard so that he could succeed.

2. She brought a gift because she wanted to make friends.

3. The cars moved slowly so that they wouldn't slip on the icy roads.

4. They practiced every day because they wanted to win the competition.

1. She studied hard _____ she could pass the exam.

2. He left early _____ he was feeling unwell.

3. _____ it was raining, we stayed inside.

4. Take an umbrella _____ it starts to rain.

5. He worked extra hours _____ he might save enough money.

1. She studied hard so that she could pass the exam. (but)

2. He left early because he was feeling unwell. (cause)

3. Since it was raining, we stayed inside. (cause)

4. Take an umbrella in case it starts to rain. (but)

5. He worked extra hours so that/in order that he might save enough money. (but)

Principal Clause + because/since/as + Subordinate Clause

Exemple : He failed the test because he didn't study.

Since/Because + Subordinate Clause, + Principal Clause

Exemple : Since he was tired, he went to bed early.

Principal Clause + so that/in order that + Subordinate Clause

Exemple : She saved money so that she could buy a car.

Principal Clause + to/so as to + Verb

Exemple : She saved money to buy a car.

• Expliquent la raison d'une action
• Motifs: because, since, as, for
• Temps: présent/passé (action déjà réalisée)
• Question: Pourquoi?

• Expliquent l'intention d'une action
• Motifs: so that, in order that, to, so as to
• Temps: futur (action souhaitée)
• Question: À quoi ça sert?

Quelle est la différence entre "so that" et "because" ?

Réponse: "So that" exprime un but/intention, tandis que "because" exprime une cause/reason.

Complétez: He left early _____ he could catch the early train.

Réponse: so that (but)

Identifiez le type de la phrase: "Since it was late, we decided to go home."

Réponse: Clause de cause

Transformez: "She studied hard because she wanted to succeed." en clause de but.

Réponse: She studied hard so that she could succeed.

Exemple: I am writing this email to inform you of the changes. (but)

Exemple: We cannot proceed because the documents are incomplete. (cause)

Exemple: He was so moved by the story that he decided to volunteer. (but)

Exemple: Since the news was shocking, many people gathered. (cause)

Exemple: The research was conducted in order to understand the phenomenon. (but)

Exemple: The results were unexpected because of the methodology used. (cause)

Posez-vous la question: Est-ce que je veux dire pourquoi ou pour quoi faire ?

Si c'est "pourquoi" → clause de cause

Si c'est "pour quoi faire" → clause de but

Les clauses de cause parlent souvent d'événements passés ou présents.

Les clauses de but parlent souvent d'événements futurs ou souhaités.

Cause: S + V + because/since/as + S + V

Purpose: S + V + so that/in order that + S + modal + V

Créez vos propres phrases avec différentes expressions de cause et de but.

Lisez des textes anglais et identifiez les types de subordonnées.