Changements de Pronoms et de Temps dans le Discours Indirect en Anglais | Seconde

• "I like my book" → He said he liked his book
• "You are right" → She told me you were right
• "We went there yesterday" → They said they had gone there the day before
• "Help me" → He asked them to help him
• "This is mine" → She said that was hers

• "My car is fast" → He said his car was fast
• "Our house is big" → They said their house was big
• "Her bag is new" → She said her bag was new
• "Their friends are kind" → He said their friends were kind

• "This book is interesting" → He said that book was interesting
• "These apples are fresh" → She said those apples were fresh
• "Come here quickly" → He told me to come there quickly
• "Look at those trees" → He said to look at those trees

Le backshifting est le changement de temps verbaux lorsqu'on passe du discours direct au discours indirect. Lorsque le verbe de la proposition principale est au passé, les temps verbaux de la proposition subordonnée changent généralement aussi.

Cependant, il y a des exceptions à cette règle.

• Present → Past (I go → he went)
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous (I am going → he was going)
• Past → Past Perfect (I went → he had gone)
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect (I have done → he had done)
• Will → Would (I will go → he would go)
• Can → Could (I can do → he could do)
• May → Might (I may go → he might go)

• Quand la déclaration est toujours vraie: "The earth is round" → He said the earth is round
• Quand le verbe principal est au présent: He says he likes music
• Quand le verbe principal est au conditionnel: He would say he likes music
• Quand on utilise certaines expressions: "I wish", "I demand", etc.

• Should → Should (ne change pas)
• Would → Would (ne change pas)
• Could → Could (ne change pas)
• Might → Might (ne change pas)
• Ought to → Ought to (ne change pas)
• Must → Must ou Had to (selon le contexte)

Cet exercice teste votre capacité à identifier et à transformer correctement les pronoms personnels, possessifs et démonstratifs dans le discours indirect. Concentrez-vous sur le contexte de la phrase et sur la personne qui rapporte.

1. He said, "I am happy." → He said he was happy. (I → he)
2. She told me, "You are wrong." → She told me I was wrong. (You → I)
3. They said, "We are going there." → They said they were going there. (We → they, there reste)
4. He asked, "Can you help me?" → He asked if I could help him. (you → I, me → him)
5. She said, "This is my book." → She said that was her book. (this → that, my → her)

• Le pronom "I" change en fonction de la personne qui rapporte (il disait que lui était heureux)
• Le pronom "you" change en fonction du contexte (il disait que j'étais en tort)
• Le démonstratif "this" devient "that" dans le discours indirect
• Les possessifs changent selon la personne (my → her)
• Les pronoms objets changent aussi (me → him)

Cet exercice teste votre capacité à appliquer les règles de backshifting. Concentrez-vous sur le changement des temps verbaux selon les règles de correspondance. Rappelez-vous que le verbe principal est au passé, donc le backshifting s'applique.

1. He said, "I am reading a book." → He said he was reading a book. (Present Continuous → Past Continuous)
2. She told me, "I have finished my work." → She told me she had finished her work. (Present Perfect → Past Perfect)
3. They said, "We will come tomorrow." → They said they would come the next day. (Will → Would)
4. He asked, "Can you help me?" → He asked if I could help him. (Can → Could)
5. She said, "I was sleeping when you called." → She said she had been sleeping when I called. (Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous)

• Le verbe principal est au passé, donc le backshifting s'applique
• Les verbes modaux "will" et "can" deviennent "would" et "could"
• Le présent parfait devient le passé parfait
• Le temps du verbe dans la subordonnée est également transformé

• Now → Then/At that time
• Today → That day
• Yesterday → The day before/Previous day
• Tonight → That night
• Tomorrow → The next day/Next day
• Last week → The week before/Previous week
• Next week → The following week

• Here → There
• This → That
• These → Those
• This morning → That morning
• Here is → There is
• Over here → Over there

• "I will come tomorrow" → He said he would come the next day
• "I am here now" → He said he was there then
• "This is my house" → He said that was his house
• "I went yesterday" → He said he had gone the day before

Pronoms directs : I, you, we, me, my, this, here

Pronoms indirects : he/she, he/she/they, they, him/her/them, his/her/their, that, there

Exemples : I → he/she, you → he/she/they, we → they

Phrases à transformer : "I am here now" → "He said he was there then"

"I will come tomorrow" → "He said he would come the next day"

"I went yesterday" → "He said he had gone the day before"

"This is my book" → "He said that was his book"

• ❌ Ne dites pas : "He said I am happy" mais ✓ dites : "He said I was happy"
• ❌ Ne dites pas : "She told me you are wrong" mais ✓ dites : "She told me I was wrong"
• ❌ Ne dites pas : "They said we are coming" mais ✓ dites : "They said they were coming"
• ❌ Ne dites pas : "He said this is my book" mais ✓ dites : "He said that was his book"

• ❌ Ne dites pas : "He said I go to school" mais ✓ dites : "He said I went to school"
• ❌ Ne dites pas : "She said I can swim" mais ✓ dites : "She said I could swim"
• ❌ Ne dites pas : "They said we will come" mais ✓ dites : "They said they would come"
• ❌ Ne dites pas : "He said I have finished" mais ✓ dites : "He said I had finished"

• ✅ Identifiez d'abord la personne qui rapporte et la personne concernée
• ✅ Vérifiez toujours le temps du verbe principal
• ✅ Appliquez les règles de correspondance des temps
• ✅ Changez les pronoms, démonstratifs et repères temporels selon le contexte

• Pronoms personnels : I → he/she, you → he/she/they, we → they
• Pronoms objets : me → him/her/them, us → them
• Possessifs : my → his/her/their, our → their
• Démonstratifs : this → that, these → those, here → there

• Present → Past : I go → he went
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous : I am going → he was going
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect : I have done → he had done
• Will → Would : I will go → he would go
• Can → Could : I can do → he could do

• Quand la déclaration est toujours vraie
• Quand le verbe principal est au présent
• Quand les verbes modaux "should", "would", "could", "might" ne changent pas
• Quand les faits sont universels ou permanents